International Business Environment - 4226 Words

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Question 4: Compare and contrast the activities of two companies of your choice in the same industrial sector in developing new technology to try to maintain competitive advantage. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 4 (i)PRINCIPAL STAGES OF TECH DEVELOPMENT 4 (ii)BASIC INDEXES OF TECHNOLOGY 4 ROLE OF Ramp;D 5 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION 7 ANALYSIS 10 (i)SAMSUNG 10 (ii)APPLE 12 PORTER’S 5 FORCE MODEL COMPARISON 15 SWOT ANALYSIS 17 CONCLUSION amp; RECOMMENDATION 19 REFERENCES 21 INTRODUCTION This paper seeks to compare core and enabling†¦show more content†¦Machines designed to replace human labor played a crucial part in the developing social production to perform production and transportation functions. Inventions such as the SPINNING JENNY amp; the STEAM ENGINE commenced the Industrial Revolution. This marked the evolution of machine production. Basic indexes of technology: The most important indexes in technology are productivity, reliability, and economy of operation. The productivity denotes the quantity of goods produced, processed, or shipped per unit time. The reliability of technology is characterized by the capacity to produce itemized quantity of goods without interruption. As the name suggest economy of the operation is determined by the consumption of materials, power and by the cost of supporting facilities necessary for the operation to take place. The indexes of any operation can be improved by perfecting the design of the working elements and by automating operational processes which is nothing but modernization. The life of any technology can be improved by well-timed modernization which ensures that the technology meets the demand of technical and scientific progress. ROLE OF Ramp;D: Consumer demands continuously changes to indicate the different needs as the society develops. A fresh range of high quality products is what the consumer wants. In order to meet up to the needs in a sustainable way a balance of research and development is needed. Research and development areShow MoreRelatedInternational Business Environment And Marketing Management1853 Words   |  8 PagesI chose international business environment as my topic of interest The reason why I chose this topic because I would like to become an international business manager in the future, so as a result of that I have to know a lot about the international business environment and that will help to develop my career in international of business management and yes international business environment is related to my area of study or professional field of study, as a student of business administration andRead MoreInternal And External Factors Affecting International Business Environment And The Trade Barriers Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesof interaction between them and international business is considered as one of the mechanisms used in trade globalization. A lot of challenges and opportunities for international business arises and need to be studied in addition to strategies used to seize these opportunities and to overcome the potential barriers. 1.2 Research objective The objective of this research is to study all the internal and external factors affecting the international business environment and the trade barriers that constrainRead MoreThe International Business Environment4269 Words   |  17 PagesTable of Contents Introduction International business Environment Theories Guiding Decisions of Firms Transaction Cost Theory International Product Life Cycle Theory Foreign Direct Investment Theory Of Internalization Competitive Advantage Theory SWOT Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Conclusion THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Introduction International business International business involves business activities that crosses borders ADDIN ENRead MoreInternational Business Environment6667 Words   |  27 PagesModule specification INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Code: PGBM04 Credits: 15 Level: Masters FBL, Business School Board: Postgraduate Business Studies Learning Hours: 150 of which 30 CONTACT hours Rationale 1. The international business environment is multi-dimensional, including economic, political, socio-cultural and technological influences. While each can be viewed in specific national settings, increasingly they have become interrelated through processes of globalisation. In particularRead MoreInternational Business Environment3863 Words   |  16 Pages[Date] [Date] INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Globalization refers to the widely flow of production factors within the entire globe in order to understand the optimum resource allocation. Different authors provide different definitions of globalisation with their profound research. According to international monetary fund, globalization increases the rapid and extensive transmission of technology along with international commodity, transactionsRead MoreThe Impact Of International Business On Business Environment Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesIf the firms, which enter the international market, are ineffective at risk management, this is a risk in itself for Governments, as it can lead to economic inconsistencies. International business differs from domestic business for a variety of reasons, including as culture, labour and environmental standards, foreign exchange and political, economic and legal systems. The main reason for why there is such a significant difference between the two types of business is due to the increased r isk associatedRead MoreCultural Environment Of International Business Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Environment of International Business Vanda Mallo Keiser University â€Æ' Abstract Understanding the management role relative to cultural influences is critical for today’s managers who want to interact proficiently across borders. One important concept which provides insight into the idea of intercultural aptitude is the notion of â€Å"mindfulness† or the ability to interact with others from different cultures. Managers must become more culturally sensitive since diversity in the workplaceRead MoreInfluential Factors of International Business and International Business Environment4145 Words   |  17 PagesA Business Growth and Strategy Project On INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT By: Ankit D Jethani 6937 Business Environment consist of every factors influential to the business operations. These factors are classified into two broad categories. These are: a) External or UncontrollableRead MoreThe Aspect of International Business Environment2799 Words   |  11 PagesTHE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Introduction Dramatic world trends in the last two decades rapidly entail international business. Markets for goods and services are now global especially so for financial instruments of all kinds ADDIN EN.CITE Daniels2007150(Daniels et al., 2007)1501506 Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., Sullivan, D.International Business: environment and operations, 11th edition2007Upper Saddle River( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_2 o Daniels, 2007 #150 Daniels et al., 2007). This paperRead MoreThe International / Global Business Environment Essay3139 Words   |  13 Pages THE INTERNATIONAL/GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Jessica Beer â€Å"Whatever your level of involvement, it is important to understand the global business environment and its influence on the manager s role. This complex role demands a contingency approach to dynamic environments, each of which has its own unique requirements.† (Deresky, 2010). Within the overall global environment, there are three subsections that global managers must understand comprehensively before they can expect to have success

The Enterprise Architecture ( Ea ) Essay - 1221 Words

Body Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a process of describing the structure and behavior of an enterprise (including its information systems), then planning and governing changes to improve the integrity and flexibility of the enterprise. â€Å"Well Gartner defines EA is the process of translating business vision and strategy into effective enterprise change by creating, communicating and improving the key requirements, principles and models that describe the enterprise’s future state and enable its evolution†. Basically EA is all about technology planning. In other words EA is a component of the overall strategic planning in a company. The company’s strategic planning is done by the CEO. This is where senior leader directs change in the company. When we talk about change, change in roles and responsibilities, processes such as data and information, existing or new applications, infrastructure and possibly technology. Enterprise Architecture – Its Purpose As we all know the company is focused on making a profit. The purpose of EA is to maximize investment returns, improve performance and embrace emerging technologies that support the business. †¢ Enable changes to the business strategy with quick response changes in enabling processes and technology solutions. †¢ Reduces redundancy, hence lower total cost of ownership. †¢ Achieves economies of scale by sharing services. To go further in to what is enterprise architecture a lot depends on sort of framework we use. There are lot ofShow MoreRelatedEnterprise Architecture ( Ea )1567 Words   |  7 PagesEnterprise architecture (EA) is â€Å"a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy. Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identifyRead MoreConcept Of Enterprise Architecture ( Ea )960 Words   |  4 PagesThis article shows you a review about the concept of enterprise architecture (EA), and its importance of being integrated within the modern organizations in order to improve and proper document the organizations’ process. Org anizations function in an operational environment that is enough complex, governed and globalized, as well as the need to maintain high levels of competitiveness. In addition, companies must manage the complexity of its information systems; they should keep active updated systemsRead MoreImpact On Ea And Its Conventional Practices Of Enterprise Architecture1289 Words   |  6 PagesIOE IMPACT ON EA - Introduction Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a well-established practice followed within most of the enterprises to conduct planning, analysis, design and execution. On the other hand, Internet of Everything (IOE) is a radically new concept of connecting people, process, data and things. This article researches on the impact of IOE on the conventional practices of Enterprise Architecture. The sections below describe EA and its conventional practices. It also describes IOE andRead MoreEnterprise Architecture : Business Architecture1206 Words   |  5 PagesEnterprise Architecture IA-3 2. Here are a few enterprise architecture risks provided by Regine Deleu, †¢ Stakeholders have no understanding of enterprise architecture, and therefore will not support it. This happens when the stakeholders don’t participate in the enterprise architecture program. Another reason can be that the enterprise architecture artifacts are not used in projects, and as a result management questions its value. A solution is to educate and communicate the value of enterprise architectureRead MoreBuilding A Target Conformant And Flexible Enterprise Architecture1464 Words   |  6 Pagestarget-conformant and flexible Enterprise Architecture, and to put it in a perspective, it is very important to analyse and visualize various academic and industrial frameworks and comprehend and define its concepts. Various definitions describe different architectural processes, systems, technologies, components and their relationships (Taleb et al, 2012a).The following section discusses three industrial and three academic frameworks which provide different viewpoints o f Enterprise Architecture. Analysis: Read MoreComparison Between Different Enterprise Architecture Frameworks1667 Words   |  7 Pages4.1 Comparison of Different Enterprise Architecture Frameworks A number of EA frameworks exist in the industry with the goal of addressing the basic challenge of assessing, aligning, and organizing business objectives with technical requirements and strategies. Examples include the Zachman Enterprise Framework, The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), OMB Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA), and The Gartner Methodology (formerly the Meta Framework). Each framework possesses different strengthsRead MoreMethods For Defining And Analyzing Key EA Performance Metrics Analysis1105 Words   |  5 PagesCameron, B. H. (2015, February). Methods for Defining and Analyzing Key EA Performance Metrics. Business and Enterprise Architecture, 18(2), 1-22. Retrieved from https://www.cutter.com/sites/default/files/architecture/fulltext/reports/2015/02/index/ear1502.pdf This journal strives to close the gap between EA value and the metrics that will define its value. Within the document, the author defines specific categories, that when clearly defined, help prove the value of the organizations assets.Read MoreThe Contemporary Business Environment Is Complex And Relatively1353 Words   |  6 Pagesregard, enterprise architecture will help the organization to improve its decision making, adapt appropriately to the market demands and conditions, eliminate inefficient or redundant processes while at the same time optimize the use of organization resources (FEAPO, 2013). This paper explores the concept of enterprise architecture (EA) with the aim of determining the gap between theory and its practical implementation. Discussion Conventional studies have discussed enterprise architecture (EA) fromRead MoreAmerican Express As A Multinational Financial Service Provider1551 Words   |  7 Pagescorporate cards, prepaid cards, savings, accounts CDs. (American Express, 2014). †¢ Enterprise architecture (EA) are implemented to serve two major functions 1) to provide a framework to collaborate between business and IT processes 2) EA provides a crucial link for bringing transformational changes (Knorr LeClare, 2011). †¢ American Express was named the InfoWorld/Forrester Enterprise Architecture Award for its EA practices and its framework which was used to allign its business and IT processesRead MoreStructure And Behaviour Of An Enterprise Architecture759 Words   |  4 PagesEnterprise Architecture There are a number of definitions that exist of Enterprise Architecture. An enterprise is a collaborative collection of sub-organizations with a shared objective. Architecture is a description of the structure and behaviour of a system. Therefore enterprise architecture is a documentation describing the structure and behaviour of an enterprise including its information systems. There is need for flexibility and resilience in Enterprise Architecture. A lot depends on what sort

Critical Appraisal on Health Care-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: You are Required to Choose A Nursing Issue that is Related to one of the Key Safety And Quality in Health Care Areas From the List Below*a then Research the Issue. Answer: Introduction Medical advances have given life saving care to the patients, yet one of the main risks associated to health care safety is the risk of infections. The unanticipated risks of infections may develop during the course of a surgical treatment a may deteriorate the condition of the patient. According to the consensus a large number of deaths are caused daily due to the HAI (Moore et al.2012). HAI may bring about unwanted mortality and may increase the time of the hospital stay. The HAI necessitates additional costs and can increase the overall cost of the hospital stay. Preventing HAIs is critical to patient. The risk of infection lies with any patient. Risk of infection depends upon the immune capacity of a particular person, presence of invasive medical devices such as catheter tubes and use of antibiotics. Proper preventive measures can help in mitigating the chance of the HAI (Weber et al.2013) Patients admitted in the health settings are subjected to risks of infections. From exposure to microorganisms that are transmitted between the clinical staffs and the patients. Overuse of antibiotics has increased the problems of HAI by giving rise to the antibiotic resistant microorganisms. This paper aims to critically analyze three papers; a qualitative study, a quantitative study and literature review related to the health care associated infections and their nursing interventions (Polin et al.2012). The NSQSH standard 3, refers to the prevention of the health care associated infections, and has presented with guidelines to prevent the nosocomial infections in the inpatients (Moore et al.2013). According to the guideline, prevention strategies like proper surveillance, application of proper disinfection and sterilization techniques, antimicrobial steward ship and proper communication between the patients and the carers can mitigate the possibilities of the health care associated infections. Critical appraisal The CASP tool has been chosen for the critical appraisal of the three papers. CASP tools are appropriate to help the individuals to make sense of research evidence and help them apply to evidence based practice. CASP tools are normally used to appraise a paper critically and thus help to solve the vagueness of any article. A critical research makes sure that all the ethical considerations of the study have been met or whether the research has any beneficial implications over mankind. The Paper by Jackson et al (2012) is an interpretative qualitative study that will discuss about the hospital acquired infections and the insufficient compliance of the guidelines by the health care workers. This study uses vignettes to enquire the nurses about their initiative to prevent the Health care associated infections. In this study twenty semi structured interviews were being undertaken using vignettes and a topic guide. One of the limitations of this paper is that it is a self practiced study, as most of the participants were keen to develop a good impression and present themselves as responsible registered nurses. Therefore it can be acknowledged that the practice of self report is biased. This strength of this study is due to the use of the vignettes which can lessen the socially desirable responses. By allowing the nurses to talk about their practice and the vignette character, some of the disparities between the subjective and the objective data can be removed. For this study the formulation of the research questions, data collection methods were appropriate. All the ethical issues have been granted by the King's college London. The research had been valuable as it actually proved how the irresponsible behavior of the health care workers is related to nosocomial infections. The literature review by Weber et al. (2013) reviews the role of the contaminated hospital surfaces in the spread of the communicable diseases. The paper also demonstrated the how scientific interventions can decrease the risks of microbial contamination and the HAIs. MEDLINE, CINAHL databases have been brain stormed to search the literatures associated with this issue. All the literature used in this study is pertinent to the topic of HAIs. The results obtained from all the studies form all the studies were quite similar. Al most all the studies concluded that enhanced education, checklists and procedures to evaluate the effectiveness of room cleaning along with the immediate feedback to the in charge can lead to the mitigation of the HAIs. The quantitative study by Anderson et al (2012), aims to identify and prioritize the risks and hazards in the surgical wards and the possible recommendations to prevent the sentinel events. Seventy hours of observations have been done and the severity and the frequencies of the severity of the surgical infections have been identified and documented. The strength of this paper is that this was the first systematic proactive analysis of the surgical wards. In this paper the exposures were subjected to minimum bias. All the confounding factors have been addressed properly. Ethical clearance has been received. The time period for the follow up was enough for the assessment. Critical analysis The qualitative study by Jackson et al. (2012) indicated that the behavior of the nurses and other clinical workers to the prevention of the HAIs were quite harmful. although the clinical staffs present themselves that they desire to protect the safety of the patient, but the underlying facts supports that one of the driving factor for the spread of the infections are due to lack of compliance with the guidelines. According to the study, spread of infection is associated with the lack of understanding among the health care staffs. Studies have shown that in most of the cases the health care staffs does not have any guidelines regarding the hand washing procedures and practice. As per the study by Weber et al. (2013) it is necessary to maintain cleanliness in the hospital surfaces as infections can also spread through them. According to Moore et al (2013) Inadequate hand and hygiene, improper disposition of the used apron and gloves and any equipment that can be moved from bed to bed bear high risks of infection. Polin et al. (2012) have emphasized on the following that it is important to disinfect the surgical instrument and clean the site of the surgery to prevent infection to the next patient. According to Otter et al.(2013) the operating theatres should be cleaned with wet vacuum and clean air should be supplied with the help of the high efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA). According to Wunderink et al. (2012) infections can also spread while the meeting of the staffs in hand during the changeover of shifts. Huttner et al. (2013) have emphasized on the "No-touch" methods of surface disinfection. Hospital rooms can be disinfected by using Ultraviolet lights or hydrogen peroxides, both of them have bactericidal effects (Otter et al. 2013). According to Carling (2013) self disinfecting surface can be created by coating the surfaces with metals such as silver or copper, both of which have microbicidal properties. It has been seen that coated surfaces in hospital settings have reduced the risk of the HAIs that spread through contaminated surfaces. Reports suggest that despite of the education and training among the workers, there lacks self motivation among the staffs (Wunderink et al. 2012). It has been argued that self protection in the staffs can be called upon as a motivating factor for the prevention of infection among the patients and the workers. It has been found that in most of the cases the nurses rationalize their own behavior by finding flaws in other's practice. This study reveals that the patients often fail to change their gloves while attending different patients. Hence it can be concluded that Education in the clinical staffs, use of effective antimicrobial substances in hospital surfaces and the surgical sites, effective disposition of the used substances, maintenance of hand and hygiene and self education in patients can reduce the rates of mortality and morbidity due to HAI. Summary table Author/s, (year) Country Aims Sample/ Setting Designs/ methods Main Findings Strengths and limitation of study 1 Jackson et al. 2014 United Kingdom To understand the relation between the health care associated infections and problems in the clinical staffs regarding the lack of compliance with the guidelines. The registered nurses working in the hospital settings. Qualitative study. 20 interviews were conducted using a vignette and a topic guide The findings shows the clinical staffs did not comply by the guidelines of hygiene. Strengths: Use of the vignettes which can lessen the socially desirable responses. Limitations: practice of self report is biased 2 Weber et al. 2013 United States Role of the contamination of the hospital surfaces in the transmission of the pathogens and the possible interventions to reduce the chance. Literature review on publications searched from MEDLINE and CINAHL Literature review on a recent literature that is related to the topic. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp (VRE),Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), , Clostridium difficile, norovirus and Acinetobacter spp, can spread through contaminated surface. Improved disinfection and surface cleaning can reduce the transmission of the harmful pathogens. Strengths: Minimum bias, wide spread literature search, Ethical approval received. Implications in the environment. Limitations: The number of articles taken has not been mentioned. 3 Anderson et al.2012 United Kingdom To determine and prioritize the hazards due to infections in the surgical wards and the interventions. Seventy hours of observation has been conducted in the surgical wards. The mode of the health care failure and effect analysis was performed . Quantitative study. A risk assessment survey was performed between fifty nine patients and staffs. Among the hazardous events, the 5 most hazardous event was related to hand hygiene, isolation of infections and disposal of surgical wastes. Strengths: It was the first study to conduct a systematic risk assessment of the surgical wards. The results are supported by other's reports. Ethical approval received. Limitations: All the sentinel events were not recorded and the sample size was not adequate. References Anderson, O., Brodie, A., Vincent, C.A. and Hanna, G.B., 2012. A systematic proactive risk assessment of hazards in surgical wards: a quantitative study.Annals of surgery,255(6), pp.1086-1092. Carling, P., 2013. Methods for assessing the adequacy of practice and improving room disinfection.American journal of infection control,41(5), pp.S20-S25. Huttner, A., Harbarth, S., Carlet, J., Cosgrove, S., Goossens, H., Holmes, A., Jarlier, V., Voss, A. and Pittet, D., 2013. Antimicrobial resistance: a global view from the 2013 World Healthcare-Associated Infections Forum.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control,2(1), p.31. Jackson, C., Lowton, K. and Griffiths, P., 2014. Infection prevention as a show: a qualitative study of nurses infection prevention behaviours.International journal of nursing studies,51(3), pp.400-408. Moore, G., Muzslay, M. and Wilson, A.P.R., 2013. The type, level, and distribution of microorganisms within the ward environment: a zonal analysis of an intensive care unit and a gastrointestinal surgical ward.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,34(5), pp.500-506. Otter, J.A., Yezli, S., Perl, T.M., Barbut, F. and French, G.L., 2013. The role of no-touchautomated room disinfection systems in infection prevention and control.Journal of Hospital Infection,83(1), pp.1-13. Otter, J.A., Yezli, S., Salkeld, J.A. and French, G.L., 2013. Evidence that contaminated surfaces contribute to the transmission of hospital pathogens and an overview of strategies to address contaminated surfaces in hospital settings.American journal of infection control,41(5), pp.S6-S11. Polin, R.A., Denson, S. and Brady, M.T., 2012. Strategies for prevention of health careassociated infections in the NICU.Pediatrics,129(4), pp.e1085-e1093. Weber, D.J., Anderson, D. and Rutala, W.A., 2013. The role of the surface environment in healthcare-associated infections.Current opinion in infectious diseases,26(4), pp.338-344. Wunderink, R.G., Niederman, M.S., Kollef, M.H., Shorr, A.F., Kunkel, M.J., Baruch, A., McGee, W.T., Reisman, A. and Chastre, J., 2012. Linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a randomized, controlled study.Clinical Infectious Diseases,54(5), pp.621-629.

Music And Violence Essays - African-American Culture, Gangsta Rap

Music And Violence Rap music can be considered a style of art, and a way for the artists to express feelings through their words on paper. However, there are quite a few rap artists that get criticized for their lyrics. In my essay, I want to discuss why rappers use certain lyrics in their music and why people shouldn't believe that it causes violence among the younger generations. People shouldn't censor the music just because of violent, vulgar and abusive messages it promotes to the world. I believe in my own mind, that there is a reason for these types of lyrics that rap artists use and I will simply explain those reasons in this essay. Rap has been called one of the most important music forces to emerge in two decades. It's pounding beats and staccato rhymes exploded on the streets of the urban America in the early 1980s and since have become the theme music and lyrical heart of the vibrant youth culture called hip-hop ( SIRS 1993). There are many different types of rap artist. There are some that talk about money, some talk about righteousness, and the list goes on and on. Every rap artist had their own way of expressing themselves. There are those that talk about sex, drugs, and violence who receive the negative attention( SIRS 1993). People, think this so- called gangster rap is a bad influence on children in the world and that it promotes violence and that it also is abusive to women. Delores Tucker, head of national congress of black women has been among those pressuring different record companies to stop distributing gangster rap music. There were other significant names that participated in this action. Names like Senate Majority leader Bob dole, and former education Secretary William J. Bennett(Surveys, pg. 1). There are some rap artists that have been openly criticized for their lyrics. Rappers like Lil Kim, Too Short, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and a member from "Too Live Crew," named Luke Skywalker. These rap artists in the past have been appointed for the things they say in their music. Lil Kim talks about sex in her music, Too Short talks about drugs, sex, and how much of a pimp he is, and Luke Skywalker talks about girls and sex. The lyrics that these rap artist use in their music might not be suitable for everybody to listen to but I don't think their music should be banned or criticized because you don't have to listen to it if you don't choose to. Rap music, how much influence does it really have on it's youthful listeners? Many, from record company executives to high school students agree that it plays a critical role in the lives of many tans, affecting the way they dance, dress and speak(SIRS 1993). Personally, I feel that rap music is a form of art. I think it takes a great deal of talent to write lyrics that rap artists write, because you have to use metaphors and similes, and at the same time get your point across so the listeners can understand. I give rappers a great deal of credit because I know it took them a long time to get where their at today, and I know it takes a tremendous amount of time to write a song. It's also true and I strongly agree with that rap artists use lyrics that reflect on their childhood and the way they grew up. That could be the reason why gangster rappers and rappers talk about sex, drugs, and violence in their music because that was what they were exposed to through out their life. Rap artists generally write about what they know because it is easier to write about things and situations that you know, and if sex, drugs and violence is what you know about, then you are going to write about situations that involve those subjects. Not just write about them in hopes to cause more violence in our world. Young rap fans caution it is wrong and simplistic to believe music can dictate their actions. Upbringing and circumstance steer a child's behavior, they say, not a record on a turntable or a performer posturing on stage(Newsweek, 1998). There are other reasons why gangster rappers should not be criticized for their lyrics. One reason is that I would rather hear gangster rappers talk about violence on the streets than them actually going out on the streets and participate in the violence. Another reason why rappers shouldn't be criticized is because